Osteopontin Is an Alpha Motor Neuron Marker in the Mouse Spinal Cord

Motor neurons (MNs) are designated as alpha/gamma and fast/slow based on their target sites and the types of muscle fibers innervated; however, few molecular markers that distinguish between these subtypes are available. Here we report that osteopontin (OPN) is a selective marker of alpha MNs in the mouse spinal cord. OPN was detected in approximately 70% of postnatal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive MNs with relatively large somas, but not in those with smaller somas. OPN+/ChAT(+) MNs were also positive for NeuN, an alpha MN marker, but were negative for Err3, a gamma MN marker. The size distribution of OPN+/ChAT(+) cells was nearly identical to that of NeuN(+)/ChAT(+) alpha MNs. Group Ia proprioceptive terminals immunoreactive for vesicular glutamate transporter-1 were selectively detected on the OPN+/ChAT(+) cells. OPN staining was also detected at motor axon terminals at neuromuscular junctions, where the OPN+ terminals were positive or negative for SV2A, a marker distinguishing fast/slow motor endplates. Finally, retrograde labeling following intramuscular injection of fast blue indicated that OPN is expressed in both fast and slow MNs. Collectively, our findings show that OPN is an alpha MN marker present in both the soma and the endplates of alpha MNs in the postnatal mouse spinal cord. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.