Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
Volume 87, Issue 15, Pages 3267-3276Publisher
WILEY-LISS
DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21992
Keywords
MAG; gangliosides; GD1a; GT1b; Nogo; NgR; axon regeneration
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R37NS037096]
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Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is expressed on the innermost myelin membrane wrap, directly apposed to the axon surface. Although it is not required for myelination, MAG enhances long-term axon-myelin stability, helps to structure nodes of Ranvier, and regulates the axon cytoskeleton. In addition to its role in axon-myelin stabilization, MAG inhibits axon regeneration after injury; MAG and a discrete set of other molecules on residual myelin membranes at injury sites actively signal axons to halt elongation. Both the stabilizing and the axon outgrowth inhibitory effects of MAG are mediated by complementary MAG receptors on the axon surface. Two MAG receptor families have been described, sialoglycans (specifically gangliosides GD1a and GT1b) and Nogo receptors (NgRs). Controversies remain about which receptor(s) mediates which of MAG's biological effects. Here we review the findings and challenges in associating MAG's biological effects with specific receptors. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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