Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
Volume 184, Issue 1, Pages 119-123Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.07.016
Keywords
2-D electrophoresis; Membrane proteins; Solubilization; Clean-up; N-dodecyl-beta-maltoside; ASB-14; Brain microvessels; GLUT-1
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Funding
- Pennsylvania Department of Health using Tobacco Settlement Funds
- National Institutes of Health [NS-41405]
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Two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis remains a primary resolving tool for proteomic analyses. The final number of proteins resolved by 2-D electrophoresis depends on their respective solubility, size, charge, and isoelectric point. While water-soluble cytosolic proteins have often been well represented in 2-D maps, the same is not true with membrane proteins. Highly hydrophobic in nature, membrane proteins are poorly resolved in 2-D gels due to problems associated primarily with sample preparation. This is of especial concern in neuroscience studies where many proteins of interest are membrane bound. In the current work, we present a substantially improved sample preparation protocol for membrane proteins utilizing the GLUT-1 glucose transporter from brain microvessels as an example of a typical membrane protein. GLUT-1 (SLC2A1; solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1) is a 55 kD glycoprotein that contains 12 membrane-spanning alpha helices that impart the protein its characteristic hydrophobicity. GLUT-1 based on its amino acid sequence has a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 8.94. Using a combination of the non-ionic detergents, n-dodecyl-beta-maltoside (DDM) and amido sulphobetaine-14 (ASB-14) for sample solubilization, and a modification of the Bio-Rad 2-D cleanup protocol involving trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone, we obtained near complete solubilization of GLUT-I and greater than 90% recovery of this membrane protein in 1-D and 2-D Western blots. The total number of proteins resolved also increased dramatically in Deep Purple (TM) total protein stains using our improved protocol. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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