Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 33, Issue 36, Pages 14301-14306Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0784-13.2013
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Funding
- Johns Hopkins University
- Kennedy Krieger Institute
- National Institutes of Health [R21 NS061189, R01 HD040289, F31 NS070512]
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Because sensation is delayed, real-time movement control requires not just sensing, but also predicting limb position, a function hypothesized for the cerebellum. Such cerebellar predictions could contribute to perception of limb position (i.e., proprioception), particularly when a person actively moves the limb. Here we show that human cerebellar patients have proprioceptive deficits compared with controls during active movement, but not when the arm is moved passively. Furthermore, when healthy subjects move in a force field with unpredictable dynamics, they have active proprioceptive deficits similar to cerebellar patients. Therefore, muscle activity alone is likely insufficient to enhance proprioception and predictability (i.e., an internal model of the body and environment) is important for active movement to benefit proprioception. We conclude that cerebellar patients have an active proprioceptive deficit consistent with disrupted movement prediction rather than an inability to generally enhance peripheral proprioceptive signals during action and suggest that active proprioceptive deficits should be considered a fundamental cerebellar impairment of clinical importance.
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