Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 33, Issue 22, Pages 9295-9305Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4655-12.2013
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Funding
- Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [PSI2010-20168, PSI2012-34071]
- CONSOLIDER-INGENIO [CDS-2007-00012]
- Generalitat Valenciana Grant [APOSTD/2012068]
- Universitat Jaume I Grant [P1-1B2012-38]
- ERC Advanced Grant DYSTRUCTURE [295129]
- Spanish Research Project [SAF2010-16085]
- ICREA Funding Source: Custom
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Can learning capacity of the human brain be predicted from initial spontaneous functional connectivity (FC) between brain areas involved in a task? We combined task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) before and after training with a Hindi dental-retroflex nonnative contrast. Previous fMRI results were replicated, demonstrating that this learning recruited the left insula/frontal operculum and the left superior parietal lobe, among other areas of the brain. Crucially, resting-state FC (rs-FC) between these two areas at pretraining predicted individual differences in learning outcomes after distributed (Experiment 1) and intensive training (Experiment 2). Furthermore, this rs-FC was reduced at posttraining, a change that may also account for learning. Finally, resting-state network analyses showed that the mechanism underlying this reduction of rs-FC was mainly a transfer in intrinsic activity of the left frontal operculum/anterior insula from the left frontoparietal network to the salience network. Thus, rs-FC may contribute to predict learning ability and to understand how learning modifies the functioning of the brain. The discovery of this correspondence between initial spontaneous brain activity in task-related areas and posttraining performance opens new avenues to find predictors of learning capacities in the brain using task-related fMRI and rs-fMRI combined.
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