Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 33, Issue 17, Pages 7308-7324Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0224-13.2013
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [RO1 NS33202]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS033202] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Cholinergic overactivity in diseases of neuromuscular transmission elicits a retrograde signal resembling homeostatic synaptic plasticity that downregulates transmitter release. Understanding this compensatory pathway could provide insights into novel therapeutic avenues and molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. Here we identify nitric oxide as a possible source of this signal in pathological human and mouse muscle samples and link this signaling pathway to changes in synaptic function in the neuromuscular junction. We further show that neuronal nitric oxide synthase is regulated by cholinergic excess through activation of skeletal muscle calpain and its effect on Cdk5 and CaMKII, leading to direct modulation of presynaptic function. Finally, we show that this signaling pathway acts through specific miRNA control of presynaptic vesicle protein expression. The control of presynaptic miRNA levels by postsynaptic activity represents a novel mechanism for the modulation of synaptic activity in normal or pathological conditions.
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