Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 30, Issue 2, Pages 568-572Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4738-09.2010
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Funding
- Paul Kayser International Award
- Retina Research Foundation
- Research to Prevent Blindness Senior Investigator Award
- That Man May See Inc.
- National Institutes of Health [EY06678, EY07642, RR00166]
- Vision Research Core [EY01730, EY02162]
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The neural coding of human color vision begins in the retina. The outputs of long (L)-, middle (M)-, and short (S)-wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptors combine antagonistically to produce red-green and blue-yellow spectrally opponent signals (Hering, 1878; Hurvich and Jameson, 1957). Spectral opponency is well established in primate retinal ganglion cells (Reid and Shapley, 1992; Dacey and Lee, 1994; Dacey et al., 1996), but the retinal circuitry creating the opponency remains uncertain. Here we find, from whole-cell recordings of photoreceptors in macaque monkey, that blue-yellow opponency is already present in the center-surround receptive fields of S cones. The inward current evoked by blue light derives from phototransduction within the outer segment of the S cone. The outward current evoked by yellow light is caused by feedback from horizontal cells that are driven by surrounding L and M cones. Stimulation of the surround modulates calcium conductance in the center S cone.
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