Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 29, Issue 41, Pages 12757-12763Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3340-09.2009
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [GM61925, GM45129, AA16393, MH076994, NS33300, NS51590]
- Wellcome Trust [WT083163MF, 71436]
- Medical Research Council [G0400136]
- Biotechnology and Biological Research Council [C509923]
- Case and Strategic Studentships [11426, 12019]
- European Union [FP6 LSHM-CT-2006037315]
- Tenovus Scotland
- AJ Clarck Studentship
- Epilepsy Research UK [0404, F0802]
- MRC [G0400136] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/C509923/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0400136] Funding Source: researchfish
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GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors. Recently, a novel form of GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition, termed tonic inhibition, has been described. Whereas synaptic GABA(A) receptors underlie classical phasic GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition (inhibitory postsynaptic currents), tonic GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition results from the activation of extrasynaptic receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA. Extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors are composed of receptor subunits that convey biophysical properties ideally suited to the generation of persistent inhibition and are pharmacologically and functionally distinct from their synaptic counterparts. This mini-symposium review highlights ongoing work examining the properties of recombinant and native extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors and their preferential targeting by endogenous and clinically relevant agents. In addition, it emphasizes the important role of extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors in GABAergic inhibition throughout the CNS and identifies them as a major player in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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