Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 29, Issue 26, Pages 8512-8524Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0754-09.2009
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Funding
- Australian Research Council (ARC) [DP0667065, TS0669860]
- German Federal Ministry of Education
- Research (Berlin Neuroimaging Center
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Bernstein Focus State Dependencies of Learning)
- Robert Bosch Foundation
- Brain Network Recovery Group [JSMF22002082]
- Australian Research Council [DP0667065, TS0669860] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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The brain is widely assumed to be a paradigmatic example of a complex, self-organizing system. As such, it should exhibit the classic hallmarks of nonlinearity, multistability, and nondiffusivity (large coherent fluctuations). Surprisingly, at least at the very large scale of neocortical dynamics, there is little empirical evidence to support this, and hence most computational and methodological frameworks for healthy brain activity have proceeded very reasonably from a purely linear and diffusive perspective. By studying the temporal fluctuations of power in human resting-state electroencephalograms, we show that, although these simple properties may hold true at some temporal scales, there is strong evidence for bistability and nondiffusivity in key brain rhythms. Bistability is manifest as nonclassic bursting between high-and low-amplitude modes in the alpha rhythm. Nondiffusivity is expressed through the irregular appearance of high amplitude extremal events in beta rhythm power fluctuations. The statistical robustness of these observations was confirmed through comparison with Gaussian-rendered phase-randomized surrogate data. Although there is a good conceptual framework for understanding bistability in cortical dynamics, the implications of the extremal events challenge existing frameworks for understanding large-scale brain systems.
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