Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 28, Issue 51, Pages 13978-13984Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2140-08.2008
Keywords
stem cells; embryo; immunity; cortex; neurogenesis; ventricle
Categories
Funding
- National Institute on Aging
- National Institutes of Health
- Wellcome Trust
- Medical Research Council [G0700711B, G9900991B] Funding Source: researchfish
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in innate immunity. Several TLR family members have recently been shown to be expressed by neurons and glial cells in the adult brain, and may mediate responses of these cells to injury and infection. To address the possibility that TLRs play a functional role in development of the nervous system, we analyzed the expression of TLRs during different stages of mouse brain development and assessed the role of TLRs in cell proliferation. TLR3 protein is present in brain cells in early embryonic stages of development, and in cultured neural stem/progenitor cells (NPC). NPC from TLR3-deficient embryos formed greater numbers of neurospheres compared with neurospheres from wild-type embryos. Numbers of proliferating cells, as assessed by phospho histone H3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling, were also increased in the developing cortex of TLR3-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice in vivo. Treatment of cultured embryonic cortical neurospheres with a TLR3 ligand (polyIC) significantly reduced proliferating (BrdU-labeled) cells and neurosphere formation in wild type but not TLR3(-/-)-derived NPCs. Our findings reveal a novel role for TLR3 in the negative regulation of NPC proliferation in the developing brain.
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