Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 28, Issue 18, Pages 4635-4639Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0908-08.2008
Keywords
axon initial segment; NKCC1; KCC2; synapse; chloride; caged GABA
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Funding
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20590229] Funding Source: KAKEN
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GABAergic terminals of axo-axonic cells (AACs) are exclusively located on the axon initial segment (AIS) of cortical principal neurons, and they are generally thought to exert a powerful inhibitory action. However, recent work (Szabadics et al., 2006) indicates that this input from AACs can be depolarizing and even excitatory. Here, we used local photolysis of caged GABA to measure reversal potentials (E-GABA) of GABA(A) receptor-mediated currents and to estimate the local chloride concentration in the AIS compared with other cellular compartments in dentate granule cells and neocortical pyramidal neurons. We found a robust axo-somato-dendritic gradient in which the EGABA values from the AIS to the soma and dendrites become progressively more negative. Data from NKCC1(-/-) and bumetanide-exposed neurons indicated that the depolarizing EGABA at the AIS is set by chloride uptake mediated by the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1. Our findings demonstrate that spatially distinct interneuronal inputs can induce postsynaptic voltage responses with different amplitudes and polarities as governed by the subcellular distributions of plasmalemmal chloride transporters.
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