Cost of illness in patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome

We evaluated the health economic burden of patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) in Germany over a 3-month observation period. Direct and indirect costs were evaluated in 200 outpatients with GTS (mean age 35 +/- A 11.5 years) in Germany. Patients were recruited from three outpatient departments that specialized in GTS and completed a semi-structured and self-rating interview with questionnaires screening for direct and indirect medical and non-medical costs, health status, depression, amount and severity of symptoms. Costs were obtained from various German medical economic resources. Indirect costs for lost productivity were calculated using the human capital approach. Costs were calculated from the point of view of healthcare and transfer payment providers and the individual patient. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify independent cost predictors. Costs are in year 2006-2007 values. Direct costs were 620 +/- A 1,697.1a,not sign, including rehabilitation 98.8 +/- A 993.6a,not sign, hospitalization 195.8 +/- A 1,267.8a,not sign, outpatient treatment 14.0 +/- A 40.6a,not sign, ancillary treatment 51.9 +/- A 137.4a,not sign. Drug costs were 223.1 +/- A 430.4. The indirect medical costs amounted to 2,511.3 +/- A 3,809.5a,not sign for productivity loss and to 220.0 +/- A 1,092a,not sign for absenteeism. The following variables were found to impact on direct costs: employment status, occupational advancement, depression, quality of life, age. Disease severity had no influence on cost. Because of the earlier age of disease onset, indirect costs are higher than direct costs. Interestingly, disease severity did not influence the resource need in this population. Unfortunately, no cost of illness studies are available for comparison. Further health economic studies, especially cost-effectiveness studies, are necessary for a basis for rational resource allocation.