Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
Volume 263, Issue 1-2, Pages 35-42Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.07.012
Keywords
Opioid; mu-Opioid receptor; Biased signaling; Immunomodulation; T cell; Interleukin-4
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [KR 1740/10-1]
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Opioids are irreplaceable for the treatment of severe pain. However, opioid-induced immunomodulation affects therapies. Here we report that treatment of human T lymphocytes with the opioids fentanyl, methadone, loperamide and beta-endorphin resulted in a strong induction of the cytokine interleukin-4. In contrast, morphine and buprenorphine induced markedly and significantly lower levels of interleukin-4 mRNA and protein. These findings suggest agonist-biased mu opioid receptor signaling in T cells. In the future, better knowledge, about agonist-specific immunomodulatory effects of opioids offers the possibility to select drugs for a therapy with more favorable and/or less detrimental side effects in immune cells. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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