Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 168-181Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11481-013-9479-z
Keywords
PDGF; PDGFRA; PDGFRB; Nervous system
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Science Council
- Swedish Cancer Society
- Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation
- IngaBritt and Arne Lundberg Research Foundation
- Vastra Gotaland Region County Council (ALF)
- Wilhelm och Martina Lundgren Foundation
- Ahlen's Foundation
- Adlerbertska Research Foundation
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency (CREST, JST) [23590444, 20590381, 20390108]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25293093] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The four platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ligands and PDGF receptors (PDGFRs), alpha and beta (PDGFRA, PDGFRB), are essential proteins that are expressed during embryonic and mature nervous systems, i.e., in neural progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and vascular cells. PDGF exerts essential roles from the gastrulation period to adult neuronal maintenance by contributing to the regulation of development of preplacodal progenitors, placodal ectoderm, and neural crest cells to adult neural progenitors, in coordinating with other factors. In adulthood, PDGF plays critical roles for maintenance of many specific cell types in the nervous system together with vascular cells through controlling the blood brain barrier homeostasis. At injury or various stresses, PDGF modulates neuronal excitability through adjusting various ion channels, and affecting synaptic plasticity and function. Furthermore, PDGF stimulates survival signals, majorly PI3-K/Akt pathway but also other ways, rescuing cells from apoptosis. Studies imply an involvement of PDGF in dendrite spine morphology, being critical for memory in the developing brain. Recent studies suggest association of PDGF genes with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we will describe the roles of PDGF in the nervous system, from the discovery to recent findings, in order to understand the broad spectrum of PDGF in the nervous system. Recent development of pharmacological and replacement therapies targeting the PDGF system is discussed.
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