Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 47-59Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11481-008-9135-1
Keywords
monocyte; monocyte chemotactic protein-1; K+ channels; blood-brain barrier
Categories
Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR015635, P20 RR015635-04, P20 RR15635] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA017618] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH65151, R01 MH065151-07, R01 MH065151, R01 MH065151-06] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [2R37 NS36126, P01 NS031492, R37 NS036126-10, R37 NS036126, R37 NS036126-11, P01 NS043985, P01 NS31492, P01 NS043985-06A10006, P01 NS043985-06A1, R01 NS041862-08, R01 NS041862, P01 NS031492-15, R01 NS041862-07] Funding Source: Medline
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Progressive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection and virus-induced neuroinflammatory responses effectuate monocyte-macrophage transmigration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A key factor in mediating these events is monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Upregulated glial-derived MCP-1 in HIV-1-infected brain tissues generates a gradient for monocyte recruitment into the nervous system. We posit that the inter-relationships between MCP-1, voltage-gated ion channels, cell shape and volume, and cell mobility underlie monocyte transmigration across the BBB. In this regard, MCP-1 serves both as a chemoattractant and an inducer of monocyte-macrophage ion flux affecting cell shape and mobility. To address this hypothesis, MCP-1-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) were analyzed for gene and protein expression, electrophysiology, and capacity to migrate across a laboratory constructed BBB. MCP-1 enhanced K+ channel gene (KCNA3) and channel protein expression. Electrophysiological studies revealed that MCP-1 increased outward K+ currents in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro studies demonstrated that MCP-1 increased BMM migration across an artificial BBB, and the MCP-1-induced BMM migration was blocked by tetraethylammonium, a voltage-gated K+ channel blocker. Together these data demonstrated that MCP-1 affects macrophage migratory movement through regulation of voltage-gated K+ channels and, as such, provides a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroAIDS.
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