Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING
Volume 22, Issue 2, Pages e18-e41Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2011.00690.x
Keywords
Pediatric traumatic brain injury; primary injury; secondary injury; skull fractures; facial trauma; epidural hematoma; subdural hematoma; intraventricular hemorrhage; subarachnoid hemorrhage; cortical contusion; diffuse axonal injury; computed tomography; magnetic resonance imaging; birth trauma; nonaccidental head injury
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The unique biomechanical, hemodynamical, and functional characteristics of the developing brain and the age-dependent variance in trauma mechanisms result in a wide range of age specific traumas and patterns of brain injuries. Detailed knowledge of the main primary and secondary pediatric injuries, which enhance sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis, will guide therapy and may give important information about the prognosis. In recent years, anatomical but also functional imaging methods have revolutionized neuroimaging of pediatric TBI. The purpose of this article is (1) to comprehensively review frequent primary and secondary brain injuries and (2) to give a short overview of two special types of pediatric TBI: birth related and nonaccidental injuries. J Neuroimaging 2012;22:e18e41.
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