Journal
JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 235-242Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11689-010-9060-5
Keywords
Ventromedial; Impulsivity; Orofacial cleft; Brain structure; Hyperactivity
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Brain structure and function in Children [1 RO1 DE01 14399 01 A1]
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate quantitative structural measures of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in boys with isolated clefts of the lip and/or palate (ICLP) relative to a comparison group and to associate measures of brain structure with quantitative measures of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness A total of 50 boys with ICLP were compared to 60 healthy boys without clefts Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were used to evaluate vmPFC structure Parents and teachers provided quantitative measures of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness using the Pediatric Behavior Scale Boys with ICLP had significantly higher ratings of hyperactivity/impulsivity/inattention (HII) and significantly increased volume of the right vmPFC relative to the comparison group There was a direct relationship between HI! score and vmPFC volume in both the ICLP group and control group, but the relationship was in the opposite direction in ICLP, the higher the vmPFC volume, the higher the HII score, for the comparison group, the lower the vmPFC volume, the greater the HII score The vmPFC is a region of the brain that governs behaviors of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention (HII) In boys with ICLP, there are higher levels of HII compared to the controls and this is directly related to a significantly enlarged volume of the right vmPFC Enlargement of this region of the brain is therefore considered to be pathological in the ICLP group and supports the notion that abnormal brain structure (from abnormal brain development) is the underlying etiology for the abnormal behaviors seen in this population
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