4.5 Article

Purine metabolism during neuronal differentiation: the relevance of purine synthesis and recycling

Journal

JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
Volume 127, Issue 6, Pages 805-818

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12366

Keywords

dopamine neurons; hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase; Lesch-Nyhan disease; purine nucleotide

Funding

  1. National Institutes of Health [R24 DK082840]

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Purines are a class of small organic molecules that are essential for all cells. They play critical roles in neuronal differentiation and function. Their importance is highlighted by several inherited disorders of purine metabolism, such as Lesch-Nyhan disease, which is caused by a deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGprt). Despite the known importance of purines in the nervous system, knowledge regarding their metabolism in neurons is limited. In the current studies, purine pools and their metabolism were examined in rat PC6-3 cells, a PC12 pheochromocytoma subclone that undergoes robust differentiation with nerve growth factor. The results were compared with five new independent PC6-3 subclones with defective purine recycling because of different mutations affecting HGprt enzyme activity. The results demonstrate an increase in most purines and in energy state following neuronal differentiation, as well as specific abnormalities when purine recycling is lost. The loss of HGprt-mediated purine recycling also is associated with significant loss of dopamine and related metabolites in the mutant PC6-3 lines, suggesting an important connection between purine and dopamine pathways. These results provide insights into how purine pools and metabolism change with neuronal differentiation, and how specific enzyme defects may cause neuronal dysfunction.

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