Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
Volume 108, Issue 6, Pages 1607-1620Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05931.x
Keywords
circadian; L-type voltage-gated calcium channel; photoreceptor; protein trafficking; signal transduction
Categories
Funding
- NIH [S10RR022532, P42ES004917, P30ES009106, R01EY017452]
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Bioscience Programmatic Development Minigrant
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The daily rhythm of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs) is part of the cellular mechanism underlying the circadian regulation of retina physiology and function. However, it is not completely understood how the circadian clock regulates L-VGCC current amplitudes without affecting channel gating properties. The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway has been implicated in many vital cellular functions especially in trophic factor-induced ion channel trafficking and membrane insertion. Here, we report that PI3K-Akt signaling participates in the circadian phase-dependent modulation of L-VGCCs. We found that there was a circadian regulation of Akt phosphorylation on Thr308 that peaked at night. Inhibition of PI3K or Akt significantly decreased L-VGCC current amplitudes and the expression of membrane-bound L-VGCC alpha 1D subunit only at night but not during the subjective day. Photoreceptors transfected with a dominant negative Ras had significantly less expression of phosphorylated Akt and L-VGCC alpha 1D subunit compared with non-transfected photoreceptors. Interestingly, both PI3K-Akt and extracellular signal-related kinase were downstream of Ras, and they appeared to be parallel and equally important pathways to regulate L-VGCC rhythms. Inhibition of either pathway abolished the L-VGCC rhythm indicating that there were multiple mechanisms involved in the circadian regulation of L-VGCC rhythms in retina photoreceptors.
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