Journal
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 370, Issue 1678, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0326
Keywords
mitochondrion-related organelles; anaerobic metabolism; eukaryotic evolution
Categories
Funding
- Killam Trusts
- National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Canadian Graduate Scholarship
- Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation
- National Research Fund of Luxembourg
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [62809]
- NSHRF
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Across the diversity of life, organisms have evolved different strategies to thrive in hypoxic environments, and microbial eukaryotes (protists) are no exception. Protists that experience hypoxia often possess metabolically distinct mitochondria called mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs). While there are some common metabolic features shared between the MROs of distantly related protists, these organelles have evolved independently multiple times across the breadth of eukaryotic diversity. Until recently, much of our knowledge regarding the metabolic potential of different MROs was limited to studies in parasitic lineages. Over the past decade, deep-sequencing studies of free-living anaerobic protists have revealed novel configurations of metabolic pathways that have been co-opted for life in low oxygen environments. Here, we provide recent examples of anaerobic metabolism in the MROs of free-living protists and their parasitic relatives. Additionally, we outline evolutionary scenarios to explain the origins of these anaerobic pathways in eukaryotes.
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