Cerebrosides and 2-Pyridone Alkaloids from the Halotolerant Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Grown in a Hypersaline Medium

Five new cerebrosides, chrysogesides A-E (1-5), and two new 2-pyridone alkaloids, chrysogedones A and B (6 and 7), were isolated from the fermentation broth of Penicillium chrysogenum PXP-55, a halotolerant fungus grown in a hypersaline medium. Among them, chrysogesides B-D (2-4) are the first cerebrosides that contain an unsaturated C-19-fatty acid. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods, including CD spectroscopy as well as the modified Mosher's method. Compound 2 showed antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes with an MIC value of 1.72 mu M.