Journal
JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
Volume 15, Issue 9, Pages 2001-2012Publisher
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-017-4619-1
Keywords
Debris flow; Beam dam; Flume experiment; Trapping and regulating
Categories
Funding
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Organization Department of Sichuan Provincial Party Committee Light of West China Program
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41772343]
- STS Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KFJ- STS-ZDTP- 015]
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Beam dams are a highly effective and commonly used open-type check dam in debris-flow hazard mitigation. In this study, dimensional analysis was used to obtain empirical equations for quantitatively determining the sediment-trapping and flow-regulating characteristics of a beam dam. To determine the coefficients of the empirical equations, flume experiments were conducted to simulate the trapping and regulating processes. The flow pattern, trapping, and regulating characteristics were investigated when debris flows passed through a beam dam. Debris-flow bulk density and peak discharge, and sediment-trapping ratios, were measured directly and indirectly. The results showed that three blocking actions occurred, and that blockage-breaking considerably influenced the trapping and regulating performance of the beam dam. The relative opening size and the sediment concentration were the two main factors affecting the performance of the beam dam. The ratio of trapping sediment decreased with relative opening, and increased with sediment concentration as well as reducing ratio of bulk density and reducing ratio of peak discharge. The sediment concentration and relative opening were the leading factors influencing the trapping and regulating sediment of a beam dam, followed by flume gradient. The results showed that the calculated values obtained using empirical equations were in good agreement with the values derived from the experiments, and that the deviation was acceptable. Finally, taking Zechawa Gully as an example, using the empirical equations we designed the opening size of a beam dam aimed to trap sediment and regulate peak discharge of debris flow in the main gully.
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