Journal
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY
Volume 52, Issue 3, Pages 550-558Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.09.009
Keywords
Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species; Post-translational oxidative modification; Thiol; Heart
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Funding
- U.S. Public Health Service [HL102738, HL67724, HL69020, HL91469, AG23039, AG27211]
- Foundation Leducq Transatlantic Network of Excellence
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [HA2868/3-3]
- Forschungskommission of the University of Duesseldorf
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Oxidative stress is presumed to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease. However, oxidants are also generated in healthy cells, and increasing evidence suggests that they can act as signaling molecules. The intracellular reduction oxidation (redox) status is tightly regulated by oxidant and antioxidant systems. Imbalance between them causes oxidative or reductive stress which triggers cellular damage or aberrant signaling, leading to dysregulation. In this review, we will briefly summarize the aspects of ROS generation and neutralization mechanisms in the cardiovascular system. ROS can regulate cell signaling through oxidation and reduction of specific amino acids within proteins. Structural changes during post-translational modification allow modification of protein activity which can result in altered cellular function. We will focus on the molecular basis of redox protein modification and how this regulatory mechanism affects signal transduction in the cardiovascular system. Finally, we will discuss some techniques applied to monitoring redox status and identifying redox-sensitive proteins in the heart. This article is part of a Special Section entitled Post-translational Modification. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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