Journal
JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE
Volume 68, Issue 2, Pages 123-139Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2012.09.004
Keywords
Tone; Infancy; Speech perception; English; Mandarin Chinese; Cantonese
Categories
Funding
- National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [81103]
- McDonnell Foundation [412783-001G]
- Fondation Fyssen
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Previous studies have suggested that the perception of vowels and consonants changes from language-universal to language-specific between 6 and 12 months of age. This report suggests that language-specific perception emerges even earlier for lexical tones. Experiment 1 tested English-learners' perception of Cantonese tones, replicating declines in tone discrimination from 4 to 9 months of age. Experiment 2 tested infants learning non-native versus native tone systems (Mandarin-learners versus Cantonese-learners). All Chinese-learners discriminated the tones, but showed language-specific differences in tone preferences at both ages. Indeed, English-, Mandarin-, and Cantonese-learning 4-month-olds all exhibited distinct preferences. With other work, this shows that language-specific speech perception emerges over a more complex and extended schedule than previously thought: first for lexical stress aid tone (<5 months), then vowels (6-8 months), consonants (8.5-12 months), and finally phoneme duration (18 months). Acoustic salience likely plays an important role in determining the timing of phonetic development. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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