Journal
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
Volume 325, Issue 1, Pages 238-244Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.07.035
Keywords
Critical flux; Gel layer; Membrane fouling; Membrane bioreactor (MBR); Wastewater treatment
Categories
Funding
- Independent Research Fund of Chinese State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse for Young Scholars [PCRRY08005]
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (STCSM) [052312046]
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Membrane foulants and gel layer formed on membrane surfaces were systematically characterized in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) under sub-critical flux operation. The evaluation of mean oxidation state (MOS) of organic carbons and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy demonstrated that membrane foulants in gel layer were comprised of not only extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (proteins, polysaccharides, etc.) but also other kinds of organic substances. It was also found that fine particles in mixed liquor had a strong deposit tendency on the membrane surfaces, and membrane foulants had much smaller size than mixed liquor in the MBR by particle size distribution (PSD) analysis. Gel filtration chromatography (GFC) analysis showed that membrane foulants and soluble microbial products (SMP) had much broader distributions of molecular weight (MW) and a larger weight-average molecular weight (M(w)) compared with the influent wastewater and the membrane effluent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-diffusive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated that membrane surfaces were covered with compact gel layer which was formed by organic substances and inorganic elements such as Mg, AI, Fe, Ca, Si, etc. The organic foulants coupled the inorganic precipitation enhanced the formation of gel layer and thus caused membrane fouling in the MBR. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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