Journal
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
Volume 83, Issue 6, Pages 1093-1106Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22071
Keywords
rotavirus A; P[4]G2 genotype; genetic variability; reassortment; phylogenetic analysis
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Funding
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute
- PapesV/FIOCRUZ-CNPq
- General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories-Secretary of Health Surveillance (CGLAB/SVS)
- Ministry of Health
- Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES)
- Universidad de la Republica (Uruguay) [006/08]
- Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of Rio de Janeiro State (FAPERJ)
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Group A rotaviruses (RV-A) are the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Due to the epidemiologic complexity of RV-A, especially in developing countries, it is important to determine which genotypes are circulating, principally after the introduction in March 2006 of the monovalent (P[8]G1) Rotarix (R) vaccine in Brazil by the National Immunization Program. In Phase III trials with Rotarix (R), the prevalence of genotype P[4]G2 was extremely low, and therefore, evaluation of heterotypic immunization against this genotype was performed by meta-analysis statistics tests. Different studies have shown the re-emergence of genotype P[4]G2 in Brazil, since 2005, as well as in other countries, suggesting that it could be a continental phenomenon related to the temporal variability in the genotype's naturally occurring distribution. It is important to note that genotype P[4]G2 does not share VP4 or VP7 antigens with the vaccine strain. Therefore, we performed a phylogenetic analysis based on VP4 (VP8*), VP7, VP6, and NSP4 genes of RV-A genotype P[4]G2 samples isolated from the five regions of Brazil between 2005 and 2009. This study revealed that different genetic variants of RV-A genotype P[4]G2 circulated in Brazil between 2005 and 2009, and that this variability is determined mainly by: occurrence of point mutations; reassortment events; and widespread global gene flow. The results obtained in this study are important to our understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of RV-A genotype P[4]G2 and demonstrate the importance of continuous monitoring and molecular characterization of RV-A strains circulating in human and animal populations. J. Med. Virol. 83:1093-1106, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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