Journal
PATHOBIOLOGY
Volume 82, Issue 3-4, Pages 142-152Publisher
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000430499
Keywords
Breast cancer; Cancer-associated fibroblasts; Immunoediting; Tumor-associated macrophages; Tumor microenvironment
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Funding
- Holcim Foundation
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In recent years, it has been shown that breast cancer consists not only of neoplastic cells, but also of significant alterations in the surrounding stroma or tumor microenvironment. These alterations are now recognized as a critical element for breast cancer development and progression, as well as potential therapeutic targets. Various components of the breast cancer microenvironment, such as suppressive immune cells, soluble factors and altered extracellular matrix, act together to impede effective antitumor immunity and promote breast cancer progression and metastasis. Stromal cells in the breast cancer microenvironment are characterized by molecular alterations and aberrant signaling pathways, some of which are prognostic of clinical outcome. Several new therapies targeting stromal components are in development or undergoing clinical trials. We focus herein on the composition of the breast cancer microenvironment and concomitant molecular alterations, the specific interplay between various cell types and cancer cells, and the clinical implications of these findings. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
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