Ultrafine MoO2 nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix as a high-capacity and long-life anode for lithium-ion batteries

A composite of ultrafine MoO2 nanoparticles homogeneously distributed in a carbon matrix has been fabricated on a large scale by an easy impregnation-reduction-carbonization route. Firstly, a cotton/PMA composite was formed by incorporating phosphomolybdate clusters into a cotton framework. Then it was treated in a H-2/Ar atmosphere at 500 degrees C for 5 h and in situ reduced/carbonized into a black monolith comprising ultrafine MoO2 nanoparticles (<2 nm) embedded in the carbon matrix. The electrochemical tests demonstrate that the as-formed MoO2/C hybrid exhibits high capacity and excellent capacity retention as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The specific discharge capacity is as high as 1207 mA h g(-1) in the first cycle and 734 mA h g(-1) over 350 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g(-1).