Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY
Volume 22, Issue 3, Pages 1078-1087Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14113a
Keywords
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Funding
- Cornell Fuel Cell Institute and the Energy Materials Center at Cornell (EMC<SUP>2</SUP>), an Energy Frontier Research Center
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001086]
- Semi-conductor Research Corporation [1856]
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1104773]
- NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers [DMR 1120296]
- EPSRC [EP/G060649/1, EP/F056702/1]
- Framework 7 Collaborative Research Project SANS [NMP4-SL-2010-246124]
- Department of Energy [DEFG-02-97ER62443]
- NSF and NIH-NIGMS [DMR-0936384]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/F056702/1, EP/G060649/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Multicomponent materials with ordered nanoscale networks are critical for applications ranging from microelectronics to energy conversion and storage devices which require charge transport along 3-dimensional (3D) continuous pathways. The network symmetry can facilitate additional properties such as macroscopic polarization for piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and second-order nonlinear optical properties in non-centrosymmetric morphologies. Although pure block copolymers are able to form multiple network morphologies, network tunability remains a challenge for coassembled systems. Here we report the coassembly of niobia nanoparticles with a poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (ISO) which resulted in multiple network morphologies, one of which was chiral and non-centrosymmetric. Detailed small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements were most consistent with the alternating gyroid (G(A)) morphology at low nanoparticle loadings and a transition to a centrosymmetric network morphology at higher loadings. This is the first report of multiple network morphologies from coassembly with a single polymer over a similar to 10 vol% composition range. The nanoparticle spatial distribution was tomographically reconstructed. Nanocomposite calcination resulted in mesoporous networks. This general approach was further demonstrated with amorphous and anatase titania.
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