Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY
Volume 21, Issue 34, Pages 12700-12709Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11963j
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Funding
- Office of Naval Research [N-00014-04-0411]
- Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-DC0001009]
- ConvEne IGERT Program [NSF-DGE 0801627]
- National Science Foundation (GRFP)
- NSF-MRSEC [DMR-0520415]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0840521] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We report on the design, synthesis and characterization of light harvesting small molecules for use in solution-processed small molecule bulk heterojunction (SM-BHJ) solar cell devices. These molecular materials are based upon an acceptor/donor/acceptor (A/D/A) core with donor endcapping units. Utilization of a dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)silole (DTS) donor and pyridal[2,1,3]thiadiazole (PT) acceptor leads to strong charge transfer characteristics, resulting in broad optical absorption spectra extending well beyond 700 nm. SM-BHJ solar cell devices fabricated with the specific example 5,5'-bis{7-(4-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine}-3,3'-di-2-ethylhexylsilylene-2,2'-bithiophene (6) as the donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the acceptor component showed short circuit currents above -10 mA cm(-2) and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 3%. Thermal processing is a critical factor in obtaining favorable active layer morphologies and high PCE values. A combination of UV-visible spectroscopy, conductive and photoconductive atomic force microscopies, dynamic secondary mass ion spectrometry (DSIMS), and grazing incident wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) experiments were carried out to characterize how thermal treatment influences the active layer structure and organization.
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