Human-related application and nanotoxicology of inorganic particles: complementary aspects

In this highlight, the emerging new discipline of nanotoxicology is discussed in terms of nanomedicine, nanocosmetics, and nanofood. In particular, a wide variety of applications of inorganic layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles in multidisciplinary fields and their potential toxicity compared to that of other inorganic nanoparticles in vitro as well as in vivo are described in detail. Study on the toxicity of nanoparticles can provide critical information about their practical biological applications, finally contributing to the sustainable development of nanotechnology with safe and biocompatible levels.