Directing supramolecular assemblies on surfaces

Supramolecular chemistry opens an avenue to create well-defined surface structures with nanometer dimensions through spontaneous self-assembly of molecular building blocks. The organization of supramolecular structures on surfaces requires full understanding of intermolecular interactions as well as the complex interplay between molecules and surfaces. Several different preparation strategies allow molecular components to form simple to complex supramolecular networks on surfaces. Directing structures of functional units requires both structural and functional components, and suitable interactions to direct the organization into the needed device architecture. This Feature Article deals with methods to direct the organization of molecules on surfaces through different structures, compositions and shapes, particularly using hydrogen bonding and metal-ion coordination. Additionally, recent reports are discussed on programmed supramolecular networks as receptors and platforms, and to construct complex surface confined architectures.