Current-induced torques in magnetic metals: Beyond spin-transfer

Current-induced torques (CITs) on ferromagnetic (FM) nanoparticles and on domain walls in FM nanowires are normally understood in terms of transfer of conserved spin angular momentum between spin- polarized currents and the magnetic condensate. In a series of recent articles, we have discussed a microscopic picture of CITs in which they are viewed as following from exchange fields produced by the misaligned spins of current carrying quasiparticles. This picture has the advantage that it can be applied to systems in which spin is not approximately conserved. More importantly, this point of view makes it clear that CITs can also act on the order parameter of an antiferromagnetic (AFM) metal, even though this quantity is not related to total spin. In this informal and intentionally provocative review we explain this picture and discuss its application to antiferromagnets. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.