Journal
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Volume 31, Issue 4, Pages 997-1003Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22105
Keywords
cardiovascular imaging; exercise; real-time imaging
Funding
- UK EPSRC
- EPSRC [EP/H046410/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- British Heart Foundation [FS/08/012/24454] Funding Source: researchfish
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/H046410/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Purpose: To measure the hemodynamic response to exercise using real-time velocity mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), incorporating a high temporal resolution spiral phase contrast (PC) sequence accelerated with sensitivity encoding (SENSE). Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy adults underwent MRI at rest and during supine exercise at two different exercise levels. Flow volumes were assessed in the ascending aorta using a spiral SENSE real-time PC sequence. The sequence was validated at rest against a vendor supplied gated PC sequence, and also at rest and during exercise against left ventricular volumes assessed using a radial k-t SENSE real-time sequence. Combining the measured flow volumes with simultaneous oscillometric blood pressure measurements, enabled the noninvasive calculations of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and arterial compliance (C). Results: Measured flow volumes correlated very well between the sequences at rest and during exercise. Cardiac output (CO) and heart rate were found to significantly increase during exercise, while SVR and C were found to decrease significantly. Conclusion: Hemodynamic response to exercise can be accurately quantified using a high temporal resolution spiral SENSE real-time flow imaging. This may allow early detection of hypertension and a greater understanding of the early changes in this condition.
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