Journal
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Volume 31, Issue 6, Pages 1323-1330Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22174
Keywords
magnetic resonance imaging; focused ultrasound; blood-brain barrier; ultrasound contrast agent; spatial correlation; hemorrhage
Funding
- National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC98-2752-M-002-005-PAE, NSC97-2752-M-002-011-PAE, NSC96-2221-E-002- 280-MY3]
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan
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Purpose: To optimize the timing of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that best indicates blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption induced by focused ultrasound (FUS) along with an ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) and to verify that the contrast-enhanced spin-echo MRI sequence can indicate the degree and location of BBB disruption in the presence of hemorrhage better than a gradient-echo sequence. Materials and Methods: Sonication was applied to 12 rat brains with four different doses of UCA to cause variable degrees of hemorrhage. Two imaging sequences were performed to acquire T1-weighted (T1W) images at two time-points after the administration of a T1-shortening contrast agent. The contrast enhancement at the sonicated regions was quantified and correlated against Evans blue (EB) staining. Results: The spin-echo T1W images at 10 minutes post-contrast enhancement showed the best correlation with EB staining in both quantity of EB extravasation (r = 0.812; P < 0.01) and spatial distribution (r = 0.528, P < 0.01). This capability was more robust than the gradient-echo sequence. Conclusion: Our results suggest that contrast-enhanced T1W spin-echo sequence acquired in the early phase post-contrast enhancement should be considered to monitor the degree and location of BBB disruption under the possibility of hemorrhage induced by FUS.
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