Journal
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Volume 30, Issue 6, Pages 1240-1248Publisher
JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21966
Keywords
gadolinium MRI contrast agents; nephrogenic systemic fibrosis; thermodynamic and kinetic principles
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [CA-126608, RR-02584, EB-04582]
- Robert A. Welch Foundation [AT-584]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Gadolinium is widely known by all practitioners of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but few appreciate the basic solution chemistry of this trivalent lanthanide ion. Given the recent linkage between gadolinium contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, some basic chemistry of this ion must be more widely understood. This short primer on gadolinium chemistry is intended to provide the reader the background principles necessary to understand the basics of chelation chemistry. water hydration numbers, and the differences between thermodynamic stability and kinetic stability or inertness. We illustrate the fundamental importance of kinetic dissociation rates in deter-mining gadolinium toxicity in vivo by presenting new data for a novel europium DOTA-tetraamide complex that is relatively unstable thermodynamically yet extraordinarily inert kinetically and also quite nontoxic. This, plus other literature evidence. forms the basis of the fundamental axiom that it is the kinetic stability of a gadolinium complex, not its thermodynamic stability, that deter-mines its in vivo toxicity.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available