Journal
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Volume 210, Issue 1, Pages 59-68Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.02.010
Keywords
Pulse Dipolar Spectroscopy (PDS); Gd(III) tags; Oligonucleotides; DEER; Distance measurements
Funding
- Binational Science Foundation (USA-Israel, BSF) [2006179]
- NIH [1R01 EB005866-01, S10RR020959]
- NSF [DBI-0139459, DBI-9604939, BIR-922443]
- Direct For Education and Human Resources
- Division Of Research On Learning [2006179] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This work demonstrates the feasibility of using Gd(III) tags for long-range Double Electron Electron Resonance (DEER) distance measurements in biomacromolecules. Double-stranded 14- base pair Gd(III)-DNA conjugates were synthesized and investigated at K-a band. For the longest Gd(III) tag the average distance and average deviation between Gd(III) ions determined from the DEER time domains was about 59 +/- 12 A. This result demonstrates that DEER measurements with Gd(III) tags can be routinely carried out for distances of at least 60 angstrom, and analysis indicates that distance measurements up to 100 angstrom are possible. Compared with commonly used nitroxide labels, Gd(III)-based labels will be most beneficial for the detection of distance variations in large biomacromolecules, with an emphasis on large scale changes in shape or distance. Tracking the folding/unfolding and domain interactions of proteins and the conformational changes in DNA are examples of such applications. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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