Journal
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
Volume 51, Issue 5, Pages 879-891Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1194/jlr.R001347
Keywords
cornea; docosahexaenoic acid; neuroprotectin D1; platelet activating factor; epidermal growth factor; pigment epithelial derived factor
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health
- National Eye Institute [R01 EY001928, R01 EY019465]
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE [R01EY019465, R01EY004928] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Corneal injury induces an inflammatory reaction and damages the sensory nerves that exert trophic influences in the corneal epithelium. Alterations in normal healing disrupt the integrity and function of the tissue with undesirable consequences, ranging from dry eye and loss of transparency to ulceration and perforation. Lipids play important roles in this complex process. Whereas lipid mediators such as platelet activating factor (PAF) and cyclo-oxygenease-2 metabolites contribute to tissue damage and neovascularization, other mediators, such as the lipoxygenase (LOX) derivatives from arachidonic acid, 12- and 15-hydroxy/hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and lipoxin A4, act as second messengers for epidermal growth factor to promote proliferation and repair. Stimulation of the cornea with pigment epithelial derived factor in the presence of docosahexaenoic acid gives rise to the synthesis of neuroprotectin D1, a derivative of LOX activity, and increases regeneration of corneal nerves. More knowledge about the role that lipids play in corneal wound healing can provide insight into the development of new therapeutic approaches for treating corneal injuries. PAF antagonists, lipoxins, and neuroprotectins can be effective therapeutic tools for maintaining the integrity of the cornea.-Kenchgowda, S., and H. E. P. Bazan. Significance of lipid mediators in corneal injury and repair. J. Lipid Res. 2010. 51: 879-891.
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