Elevated hepatic fatty acid elongase-5 activity affects multiple pathways controlling hepatic lipid and carbohydrate composition

Hepatic fatty acid elongase-5 (Elovl-5) plays an important role in long chain monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Elovl-5 activity is regulated during development, by diet, hormones, and drugs, and in chronic disease. This report examines the impact of elevated Elovl-5 activity on hepatic function. Adenovirus-mediated induction of Elov15 activity in livers of C57BL/6 mice increased hepatic and plasma levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20: 3, n-6) while suppressing hepatic arachidonic acid (20: 4, n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6, n-3) content. The fasting-refeeding response of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-regulated genes was attenuated in mice with elevated Elov15 activity. In contrast, the fasting-refeeding response of hepatic sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1)-regulated and carbohydrate-regulatory element binding protein/Max-like factor X-regulated genes, Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (Gsk)-3 beta phosphorylation, and the accumulation of hepatic glycogen content and nuclear SREBP-1 were not impaired by elevated Elov15 activity. Hepatic triglyceride content and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase a and Jun kinase 1/2 were reduced by elevated Elov15 activity. Hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression was suppressed, while hepatic glycogen content and phosphorylated Gsk-3 beta were significantly increased, in livers of fasted mice with increased Elov15 activity. As such, hepatic Elov15 activity may affect hepatic glucose production during fasting. In summary, Elov15-induced changes in hepatic fatty acid content affect multiple pathways regulating hepatic lipid and carbohydrate composition.