Journal
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
Volume 87, Issue 4, Pages 575-588Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0409264
Keywords
reservoirs; reactivation
Categories
Funding
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)
- Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (ANRS)
- French Ministry of Research [ACI JC 5364]
- Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS, Belgium)
- Action de Recherche Concertee du Ministere de la Communaute Francaise [04/09-309]
- Internationale Brachet Stiftung (IBS)
- Region Wallonne-Commission Europeenne FEDER
- Theyskens-Mineur Foundation
- FNRS
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The introduction in 1996 of the HAART raised hopes for the eradication of HIV-1. Unfortunately, the discovery of latent HIV-1 reservoirs in CD4+ T cells and in the monocyte-macrophage lineage proved the optimism to be premature. The long-lived HIV-1 reservoirs constitute a major obstacle to the eradication of HIV-1. In this review, we focus on the establishment and maintenance of HIV-1 latency in the two major targets for HIV-1: the CD4+ T cells and the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Understanding the cell-type molecular mechanisms of establishment, maintenance, and reactivation of HIV-1 latency in these reservoirs is crucial for efficient therapeutic intervention. A complete viral eradication, the holy graal for clinicians, might be achieved by strategic interventions targeting latently and productively infected cells. We suggest that new approaches, such as the combination of different kinds of proviral activators, may help to reduce dramatically the size of latent HIV-1 reservoirs in patients on HAART. J. Leukoc. Biol. 87: 575-588; 2010.
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