Journal
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
Volume 134, Issue 9, Pages 2351-2360Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.146
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Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are increasingly appreciated as important regulators of tissue homeostasis and inflammation. However, their role in human skin remains obscure. We found that healthy peripheral blood CD117(+) ILC3, lacking the natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) NKp44 (NCR- ILC3), CD117(-)NCR(-)CRTH2(-)CD161(+) ILC1, and CRTH2(+) ILC2, express the skin-homing receptor cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA). NCR+ ILC3 were scarce in peripheral blood. Consistently, we identified in normal skin ILC2 and NCR- ILC3, a small proportion of CD161(+) ILC1, and hardly any NCR+ ILC3, whereas NCR+ ILC3 were present in cultured dermal explants. The skin ILC2 and NCR+ ILC3 subsets produced IL-13 and IL-22, respectively, upon cytokine stimulation. Remarkably, dermal NCR- ILC3 converted to NCR+ ILC3 upon culture in IL-1 beta plus IL-23, cytokines known to be involved in psoriatic inflammation. In line with this observation, significantly increased proportions of NCR+ ILC3 were present in lesional skin and peripheral blood of psoriasis patients as compared with skin and blood of healthy individuals, respectively, whereas the proportions of ILC2 and CD161(+) ILC1 remained unchanged. NCR+ ILC3 from skin and blood of psoriasis patients produced IL-22, which is regarded as a key driver of epidermal thickening, suggesting that NCR+ ILC3 may participate in psoriasis pathology.
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