Journal
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
Volume 133, Issue 10, Pages 2436-2443Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.115
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Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation [PDFMP3_127249/1]
- Gottfried und Julia Bangerter Rhyner Stiftung
- Georg und Bertha Schwyzer-Winiker Stiftung
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PDFMP3_127249] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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We have previously reported a model for melanoma progression in which oscillation between melanoma cell phenotypes characterized by invasion or proliferation is fundamental to tumor heterogeneity and disease progression. In this study we examine the possible role of hypoxia as one of the microenvironmental influences driving metastatic progression by promoting a switch from a proliferative to an invasive phenotype. Immunohistochemistry on primary human cutaneous melanoma biopsies showed intratumoral heterogeneity for cells expressing melanocytic markers, and a loss of these markers correlated with hypoxic regions. Furthermore, we show that the downregulation of nnelanocytic markers is dependent on hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1 alpha), a known regulator of the hypoxic response. In vitro invasion assays showed that a hypoxic environment increases the invasiveness of proliferative melanoma cell cultures in a HIF1 alpha-dependent manner. In contrast, invasive phenotype melanoma cells showed no increase in invasive potential upon exposure to hypoxia. Thus, exposure of proliferative melanoma cells to hypoxic microenvironments is sufficient, in a HIF1 alpha-dependent manner, to downregulate melanocytic marker expression and increase their invasive potential.
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