Journal
JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS
Volume 15, Issue 4, Pages 330-339Publisher
ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2009)15:4(330)
Keywords
Water distribution systems; Public safety; Optimization; Optimization models; Risk management; Probe instruments; Water pollution
Categories
Funding
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [DW8992192801]
- [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
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The sensor placement problem in contamination warning system design for municipal water distribution networks involves maximizing the protection level afforded by limited numbers of sensors, typically quantified as the expected impact of a contamination event; the issue of how to mitigate against high-consequence events is either handled implicitly or ignored entirely. Consequently, expected-case sensor placements run the risk of failing to protect against high-consequence 9/11-style attacks. In contrast, robust sensor placements address this concern by focusing strictly on high-consequence events and placing sensors to minimize the impact of these events. We introduce several robust variations of the sensor placement problem, distinguished by how they quantify the potential damage due to high-consequence events. We explore the nature of robust versus expected-case sensor placements on three real-world large-scale distribution networks. We find that robust sensor placements can yield large reductions in the number and magnitude of high-consequence events, with only modest increases in expected impact. The ability to trade-off between robust and expected-case impacts is a key unexplored dimension in contamination warning system design.
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