Respiratory Syncytial Virus F and G Proteins Induce Interleukin 1α, CC, and CXC Chemokine Responses by Normal Human Bronchoepithelial Cells

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a ubiquitous respiratory virus that causes serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. Studies have shown that RSV infection modulates chemokine expression patterns, suggesting that particular cytokine expression profiles may be indicators of disease severity. In this study, we show that RSV F or G protein treatment of fully differentiated primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells induces apical and basolateral secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8), interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted). Purified RSV G (attachment) protein was shown to stimulate the secretion of interleukin 1 alpha and RANTES, whereas purified F (fusion) protein elicited the production of IL-8, IP-10, and RANTES. Studies of ultraviolet-inactivated RSV showed that treatment of normal human bronchial epithelial cells induces apical IL-8, IP-10, and MCP-1 secretion independent of infection, suggesting that RSV proteins alone modify the chemokine response pattern, which may affect the early immune response before infection.