Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 197, Issue 11, Pages 1548-1557Publisher
UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
DOI: 10.1086/587994
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Funding
- NIAAA NIH HHS [R21AA15032, R21 AA015032, R01 AA016893] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [K01 AI071754, U01 AI069918] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDA NIH HHS [K24 DA000432-09, R01DA11602, R01 DA011602-10, K23DA15616, K24DA00432, U01 DA036935, K24 DA000432, R01 DA011602, K23 DA015616] Funding Source: Medline
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Background. Little is known about the racial differences in the incidence and progression of HIV-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) that underlie African American-white disparities in HIV-related end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods. In a cohort in Baltimore, Maryland, we measured CKD incidence, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) slope, and progression to ESRD in 3332 African American and 927 white HIV-infected subjects. Results. A total of 284 subjects developed CKD, 100 (35%) of whom subsequently developed ESRD. African American subjects were at slightly increased risk for incident CKD, compared with white subjects (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.2-2.8]). However, once CKD had commenced, the African American subjects developed ESRD markedly faster than did the white subjects (HR, 17.7 [95% CI, 2.5-127.0]), and, correspondingly, their GFR decline after diagnosis of CKD was 6-fold more rapid (P < .001). In the subset of African American subjects for whom kidney-biopsy data were available, progression to ESRD was significantly faster than that in white subjects with CKD, irrespective of the presence of HIV-associated nephropathy. Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that African American-white disparities in HIV-related ESRD are explained predominantly by a more aggressive natural disease history in African Americans and less by racial differences in CKD incidence.
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