Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 198, Issue 7, Pages 1028-1036Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1086/591626
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungs-Gemeinschaft [246/6-2, SFB576/A5, SFB/TR22/A5]
- Else Kroener-Fresenius Foundation
- Meningitis Research Foundation
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Background. Recent studies have suggested that, in addition to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, other pattern recognition receptors mediate activation of the immune response after infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP). Methods. Using a mouse meningitis model, we investigated the influence of TLR4 single deficiency (TLR4(-/-)), TLR2/TLR4 double deficiency (TLR2/4(-/-)), and TLR2/TLR4/TLR9 triple deficiency (TLR2/4/9(-/-)) on the immune response of the CNS to SP infection. To identify the cell populations that mediate the responses to SP, we generated TLR2/4(-/-)-wild-type (wt) bone marrow (BM) chimeras. Results. Compared with infected wt mice, infected TLR2/4(-/-) and TLR2/4/9(-/-) mice had similar reductions in brain cytokine levels, pleocytosis, and cerebral pathologic findings, whereas no such effect was noted in infected TLR4(-/-) mice. The attenuated immune response was paralleled by an impaired host defense that resulted in worsening of disease. Analysis of the chimeric mice after infection showed that mere TLR2/4 deficiency, either of radioresistant cells or of transplanted BM-derived cells, was sufficient to mount a substantial cerebral immune response, such as that noted in wt mice. Conclusion. In murine SP meningitis, TLR2 and TLR4 expressed on radioresistant and transplanted BM-derived cells were major cellular sensors of invading SP inducing inflammatory responses.
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