Journal
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 41, Issue 2, Pages 403-414Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1349-4
Keywords
Actinomycetes; Cryptic genes; RNA polymerase; rpoB mutation; Rare earths; Ribosome engineering
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Funding
- Monka-sho of the Japanese government
- Programme for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22380055] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Since bacteria were found to contain genes encoding enzymes that synthesize a plethora of potential secondary metabolites, interest has grown in the activation of these cryptic pathways. Homologous and heterologous expression of these cryptic secondary metabolite-biosynthetic genes, often silent under ordinary laboratory fermentation conditions, may lead to the discovery of novel secondary metabolites. We review current progress on this topic, describing concepts for activating silent genes. We especially focus on genetic manipulation of transcription and translation, as well as the utilization of rare earth elements as a novel method to activate the silent genes. The possible roles of silent genes in bacterial physiology are also discussed.
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