Journal
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 193, Issue 6, Pages 3134-3145Publisher
AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302412
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Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research and MedImmune LLC
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Cigarette smoke has a broad impact on the mucosal environment with the ability to alter host defense mechanisms. Within the context of a bacterial infection, this altered host response is often accompanied by exacerbated cellular inflammation, characterized by increased neutrophilia. The current study investigated the mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment in a murine model of cigarette smoke exposure and, subsequently, a model of both cigarette smoke exposure and bacterial infection. We investigated the role of IL-1 signaling in neutrophil recruitment and found that cigarette smoke-induced neutrophilia was dependent on IL-1 alpha produced by alveolar macrophages. In addition to being the crucial source of IL-1 alpha, alveolar macrophages isolated from smoke-exposed mice were primed for excessive IL-1 alpha production in response to bacterial ligands. To test the relevance of exaggerated IL-1 alpha production in neutrophil recruitment, a model of cigarette smoke exposure and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae infection was developed. Mice exposed to cigarette smoke elaborated an exacerbated CXCR2-dependent neutrophilia in response to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Exacerbated neutrophilia was dependent on IL-1 alpha priming of the pulmonary environment by cigarette smoke as exaggerated neutrophilia was dependent on IL-1 signaling. These data characterize a novel mechanism of cigarette smoke priming the lung mucosa toward greater IL-1-driven neutrophilic responses to bacteria, with a central role for the alveolar macrophage in this process.
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