Journal
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 194, Issue 3, Pages 999-1010Publisher
AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400504
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Funding
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-09-GENO-006-01]
- Fondation Bettencourt Schueller
- Region Ile-de-France
- Association de la Recherche sur la Sclerose en Plaques
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CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells play a major role in peripheral tolerance. Multiple environmental factors and cell types affect their biology. Among them, activated effector CD4(+) T cells can boost Treg cell expansion through TNF or IL-2. In this study, we further characterized this effector T (Teff) cell-dependent Treg cell boost in vivo in mice. This phenomenon was observed when both Treg and Teff cells were activated by their cognate Ag, with the latter being the same or different. Also, when Treg cells highly proliferated on their own, there was no additional Treg cell boost by Teff cells. In a condition of low inflammation, the Teff cell-mediated Treg cell boost involved TNF, OX40L, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, whereas in a condition of high inflammation, it involved TNF and IL-2. Thus, this feedback mechanism in which Treg cells are highly activated by their Teff cell counterparts depends on the immune context for its effectiveness and mechanism. This Teff cell-dependent Treg cell boost may be crucial to limit inflammatory and autoimmune responses.
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