Journal
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 191, Issue 2, Pages 678-687Publisher
AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203360
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Funding
- Vanderbilt University
- National Institutes of Health [R01 AI077528, T32 DK07563, T32 AR59039, T32 HL94296]
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CD4(+) T cells developing toward a Th2 fate express IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 while inhibiting production of cytokines associated with other Th types, such as the Th1 cytokine IFN- gamma. IL-4-producing Th2 effector cells give rise to a long-lived memory population committed to reactivation of the Th2 cytokine gene expression program. However, reactivation of these effector-derived cells under Th1-skewing conditions leads to production of IFN-gamma along with IL-4 in the same cell. We now show that this flexibility (plasticity) of cytokine expression is preceded by a loss of the repressive DNA methylation of the Ifng promoter acquired during Th2 polarization yet requires STAT4 along with T-box expressed in T cells. Surprisingly, loss of either STAT4 or T-box expressed in T cells increased Ifng promoter CpG methylation in both effector and memory Th2 cells. Taken together, our data suggest a model in which the expression of IFN-gamma by Th2-derived memory cells involves attenuation of epigenetic repression in memory Th2 cells, combined with Th1-polarizing signals after their recall activation.
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